Electric Conditions in and around the Atomic Nucleus

The proton-electron model of the atomic nucleus, used in my work on physics, appears at first sight to be lacking a mechanism to keep nuclei from falling apart due to repelling electric forces between protons. There appears to be a need for a nuclear strong force to overcome the electric force presumed to exist in and around atomic nuclei.

However, the aether model of the electric force has the electric force reduced to zero where no aether exists. The force is weak in the immediate vicinity of charged particles. It's only at some distance from atomic nuclei that the electric force becomes strong, and behaving according to Coulomb's law.

The nuclear strong force can be replace by the short range weak force that I model as texture in my work.

When we pair this with Morton Spears' simple model of the proton, it becomes even more apparent that there's no need for anything beyond this short range weak force. We need only consider the electric conditions in and around the atomic nucleus to see why this is so.

Morton Spears models the proton as an assembly of 2177 positive and negative particle quanta. 1089 are positive and 1088 are negative. The difference of one positive charge constitutes less than 0.05% of the total number of charged particles. This means that from up close, the proton appears to be nearly neutral. There's close to equal distribution of positive and negative quanta. We have to move away from the proton in order for the overall charge of plus 1 to be registered.

This is in contrast to the electron, which is an assembly of 1 positive and 2 negative charges. An electron attached to a proton will appear from up close as a highly charged negative point on a vast and largely neutral surface.

Relative sizes of neutrino, photon, electron and proton

This means that the electron can perform two different functions inside the atomic nucleus. The electron can stick to protons due to the short range effect of texture, and draw protons towards it due to the electric force.

All atomic nuclei can thus be explained.

Atomic nuclei of hydrogen, deuterium, helium, lithium and beryllium

Deuterium is a simple assembly in which two protons are held together by a single electron. The mechanism here is the short range force I model as texture.

Helium is an assembly of two deuterium nuclei pulled together by the electric force. The electron in each deuterium nucleus draws on the protons of their adjacent deuterium nucleus.

Larger nuclei are thus created through a combination of texture and electric force.

Note that two deuterium nuclei will repel each other from a distance. They have to get close enough for the electric force of the protons to fade in order to form helium atoms. This is the challenge scientists have wrestled with for decades in their quest for controlled nuclear fusion.

Note also that we have an explanation for why tritium is a rare and radioactive particle while helium-3 is a stable isotope of helium. The extra electron in the tritium assembly is ejected due to electric repulsion between electrons, and we're left with the stable configuration of a deuterium nucleus and a proton drawn onto it by the single remaining electron.

We also have an explanation for why the tetraneutron is extremely short lived. Electrons eject other electrons from nuclear assemblies if there are too many of them. There's strong electric repulsion between electrons inside the nucleus, and at the same time little electric repulsion between protons.

Morton Spears model of the proton makes it possible to imagine two protons sticking together without an electron. Negative patches on one proton connects with positive patches on the other, and visa versa. However, this never happens. The electric repulsion between protons is weak, but not as weak as the short range force I model as texture.

On a final note, we can point out that both the nuclear strong force and the nuclear weak force are explained by this model. They are both manifestations of particle texture.