Transmutations on the Electric Sun

Having demonstrated that transmutations can explain both fossilization and processes going on inside our bodies we can go on to consider our Sun and what sort of transmutations it may be engaging in.

The electric Sun

First off, we need to understand the mechanisms driving the Sun itself. The standard model of the Sun is that it is a ball of gas, fueled by an internal fusion reactor that turns Hydrogen into Helium. However, this does not fit well with observations, and this has led some to suggest that the Sun is not a nuclear reactor but an externally driven electric furnace. Additionally, I've proposed that this furnace generates more energy than it consumes. Nuclear processes taking place on the surfaces of stars function as electric accelerators.

A suitable model of our Sun is not the ball of Hydrogen gas that current theory suggests, but an object made out of pretty much the same materials as everything else in our solar system, namely rocks and gases of various kinds. The abundance of Hydrogen seen in the light spectra of our Sun is not indicative of its makeup. Rather, it's due to Hydrogen being split off of heavier elements at its surface through nuclear fission.

This process is not unique to our Sun. It takes place on all stars, and this is why we see so much Hydrogen, Helium and other light elements in space and the corona of our Sun and other stars. The abundance of light elements in space is not a reflection of the overall makeup of our universe, but simply a consequence of the nuclear processes taking place on stars.

Interstellar currents

Note that the energy generated by transmutations of elements on the surface of stars don't have to account for more than a fraction of their energy outputs because stars are primarily electric furnaces. The nuclear reactions taking place are merely maintaining and adding to the interstellar engine of electric currents that drive all stars.

The energy supposedly lost to space through radiation is in the form of charged gases known as plasma, and plasma will always merge and converge onto nearby stars and planets. The energy blasted out into space by our Sun and stars is focused onto other stars and reused.

Little extra energy is required for this to persist, which means that stars can exist for a very long time without running out of fuel.

Transmutations

As for the transmutations taking place on the surface of stars, we have a few general rules we can apply. For one, the overall process must be exothermic. Heat is generated, not consumed. Furthermore, the transmutations are mostly due to fission of Hydrogen and Helium. All sorts of other transmutations may also take place, but the abundance of Hydrogen and Helium in the coronas of stars tell us that fission is the main driver.

When we combine these observations with the periodic table, and the fact that planets like Earth are especially rich in Silicon and Iron, we find four candidates for what may be the dominant transmutations that take place on stars. They are:

• Silicon (Si) - Hydrogen (H) = Aluminum (Al) + Energy
• Silicon (Si) - Helium (He) = Magnesium (Mg) + Energy
• Iron (Fe) - Hydrogen (H) = Manganese (Mn) + Energy
• Iron (Fe) - Helium (He) = Chromium (Cr) + Energy

Calculations

Using atomic weights found in the periodic table to calculate the energy produced by each of these processes we get the following.

For Si - H = Al + Energy we get:

• Energy = Si - Al - H
• Energy = 28.085 - 26.982 - 1.008
• Energy = 0.095

For Si - He = Mg + Energy we get:

• Energy = Si - Mg - He
• Energy = 28.085 - 24.305 - 4.003
• Energy = -0.223

For Fe - H = Mn + Energy we get:

• Energy = Fe - Mn - H
• Energy = 55.845 - 54.938 - 1.008
• Energy = -0.101

For Fe - He = Cr + Energy we get:

• Energy = Fe - Cr - He
• Energy = 55.845 - 51.996 - 4.003
• Energy = -0.154

Conclusion

From the above calculations we get that only the Silicon to Aluminum transmutation is exothermic. It's the only one that produces energy, and therefore the only one in this list that is happening at any significant rate.

However, this is not to say that Silicon to Aluminum transmutation is the only transmutation taking place on our Sun. Iron may still play an important role because it will release a lot of energy if split into Silicon and Magnesium. Silicon can then in turn split off a hydrogen atom to produce Aluminum, and Magnesium can also shed Hydrogen, as can Aluminum. Long chains of reactions are possible.

When more complex transmutation sequences are considered, we get a long list of possibilities. But if we restrict ourselves to abundant elements found on Earth, and focus on splitting off Hydrogen and Helium from these elements, the list becomes short, and we can conclude that the dominant transmutation taking place on the Sun is that of Silicon to Aluminum, with Hydrogen released into the chromosphere and corona.

Sun's corona and chromosphere during a solar eclipse

By Luc Viatour, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link