Peter Warlow's Tippe-Top Theory

In my article on geomagnetic reversal, posted a few days ago, I did not mention the possibility that Earth may have flipped over so that we would have true north pointing true south. The reason for this was that I found such a possibility impossible. However, as pointed out to me by Freddie Thornton, there is a way to flip an object as large as Earth on its head without too much effort. If the mass distribution of our planet is similar to that of a Tippe-Top, a reversal could easily happen as a consequence of turbulence in the Birkeland current going through our solar system. This Tippe-Top theory was fist proposed by Peter Warlow, based on Immanuel Velikovsky book Worlds in Collision.

As it happens, Earth does have an uneven mass distribution, with most of the continents clustered north and most of the oceans to the south. This is most likely due to an asymmetric expansion of Earth's crust. Over the years, this expansion may have influenced the Earth's spin, making it at times quite suddenly flip on its axis.

Earth's expansion as seen from the south pole

Adding to the plausibility of this theory is the fact that ancient myths mention catastrophic events in which the Sun started to move in strange directions and the night sky became different. As pointed out to me by Greg Hummel, the ancient Egyptians tell of times when the sun rose in the west.

Clearly, such a reversal of our Planet's orientation would be associated with much flooding and great upheavals. The great flood mentioned in the Bible, and the lost city of Atlantis mentioned by Plato, may all be related to a pole reversal.

The latest known geomagnetic reversal happened 41000 years ago, which would set the date of the great upheavals very far back in human history. However, there may have been a more recent and short lived reversal as well. The exact time and number of geomagnetic reversals have yet to be fully mapped out.

Geomagnetic Reversal

A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged. This happened briefly on Earth some 41000 years ago, but apart from this the current magnetic arrangement has been intact for 780,000 years. Before that time, geomagnetic reversals have happened on average every 300,000 years, with no clear patter.

The irregularity and long time spans between pole reversals on Earth is in stark contrast to our Sun which sees a pole reversal every 11 years, synchronized neatly with the solar cycle. Interestingly, there is no visible change in the Sun's surface features corresponding to its pole shifts. Yet we know that changes in magnetic fields are always associated with changes in electric currents.

The electric currents associated with astronomic bodies are interstellar Birkeland currents, so it's reasonable to assume that pole reversals are due to reversals in these currents. With the Sun at the center of our local interstellar Birkeland current, it is the body most affected by it. The situation on Earth is more like a turbulence in the outskirts.

If this is how things hang together, we should be able to see a change related to the Sun. Its chromosphere and corona should display a reversal in their overall twist. Correspondingly, a geomagnetic reversal on Earth is likely to be associated with a change in weather patterns. The jet stream is likely to reverse. Ocean currents may also be affected. The Scandinavian Ice Sheet which is currently kept down due to the Gulf Stream and persistent mild air flows from the Atlantic may suddenly come back.

A possible reason for the stability of Earth's magnetic field relative to the Sun is that our jet stream is powered in part by the rotation of our planet, as suggested by Dr. Gerald Pollack. A reversal in the Birkeland current may not always be enough to turn the jet stream around. It may merely weaken the jet stream without reversing it. With the jet stream continuing in its current direction, the direction of Earth's magnetic field will remain as it is.

The magnetic field of our planet corresponds to the direction of the jet stream

However, should the local Birkeland current manage to reverse Earth's jet stream, a geomagnetic reversal would follow. But the strength of the magnetic field will not be as strong, and the jet stream will be weak. This is because the rotation of our planet will continue largely unaffected. Earth's own contribution to the jet stream will always be in the direction of its rotation, no matter which way the Birkeland current twists. The jet stream is therefore always at its strongest when the Birkeland current twists in the same direction as our our planet is rotating, and at its weakest when the two factors are in opposition to each other.

But the rotation speed of Earth is not completely independent of the Birkeland current. When the current twists in opposition to Earth's rotation, Earth slows down by a tiny bit. When the current is in tune with Earth's rotation, Earth speeds up. Since our local Birkeland current appears to correspond to the sunspot cycle, we should see changes in Earth's rotation speeds corresponding to this. This has been partially confirmed. Earth slows down and speeds up in its rotation in cycles of about 25 years, roughly twice the period of a solar cycle.

Interestingly, volcanic activity always sees an uptick during Earth's periodic slow downs. A pole reversal, which would be associated with a relatively strong slow down, is therefore likely to come with much volcanic activity.

A pole reversal would also come with a dramatically weaker jet stream, with much instability in our weather patters as a consequence, making it harder to grow crops. Not only will we see a need to move food production due to changes in the climate, the production will be hampered by instability. Considerable hardships can therefore be expected if a geomagnetic reversal was to happen.

The Thickness of Earth's Crust

If Earth has expanded to a diameter twice that of its original size, and this has happened with no addition of matter, as proposed by Peter Woodhead, we can calculate that the crust of our planet is no more than 287 km thick. The math for this can be found at the end of this post.

This does not square well with Jan Lamprecht's observation that the deepest earthquakes we come across have their epicenter about 700 km below ground, which suggest to us that Earth's crust is at least 700 km thick.

Earth's expansion must in part have been due to added matter. The mechanism for this, suggested in my book, is radioactive decay. When atoms decay, they multiply. Where there once was one atom, there are suddenly two. The volume of matter increase when it decays through radiation.

For the crust to be 700 km, rather than 287 km thick, the bulk of our planet's crust must have more than doubled from when it was created, assuming a doubling of its radius over this same time period.

Cross section of a hollow planet with internal electric pressure

Here's the calculation for Earth's crust, assuming no additional matter, as proposed by Peter Woodhead:

The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3 pi r^3

Let volume of Earth's current crust be V_crust
Let volume of Earth's current hollow be V_hollow
Let V_total = V_crust + V_hollow
Let volume of Earth's original crust be V_original
Let volume of Earth's original hollow be 0

Since Earth expanded with no added matter, we have V_crust = V_original

From above, we have V_crust = V_total - V_hollow

Substitute V_original = V_total - V_hollow

Solve for V_hollow we get V_hollow = V_total - V_original

4/3 pi r_hollow^3 = 4/3 pi r_total^3 - 4/3 pi r_original^3

Simplify by getting rid of constants: r_hollow^3 = r_total^3 - r_original^3

Let r_total be 2 and r_original be 1, to reflect the idea that r_original is half of r_total:

r_hollow^3 = 8 - 1

r_hollow = 7^(1/3)

r_hollow = 1.91
r_total = 2
r_original = 1

From this we get that the radius of the hollow is 95.5 % of the total current radius. Only 4.5% of the radius is the crust. Given that Earth's radius is 6371 km, we get that its crust is currently 287 km thick.

Seeing Double

In this video from the Electric Universe community, emphasis is put on the fact that much of what is observed in the universe comes in pairs, and that the two orb shape is far more common than should be expected from standard theory. The explanation for this, presented by Wallace Thornhill, is that gravity is not the main force in the universe. Rather, Birkeland currents are behind most of what is observed.

Birkeland currents twist as they move through space. The reason for this, suggested in an earlier post, is that there is an imbalance in the electric force. In order to restore balance within Birkeland currents, negative charge have to move farther than positive charge, and a twisting pattern is the most efficient way to achieve this.

What should be noted is that the two orb model of the photon is at the heart of this explanation.

The dielectric photon as a composition of three negative and three positive particle quanta

Considering that the two orb photon makes up the dielectric component of the aether, it appears that we have found the origin of the two orb shapes so frequently seen in nature. The shapes can be traced back to the photon.

In Search of Atlantis

There is no doubt that something very dramatic happened some eight thousand years ago. In the space of a few generations the entire Scandinavian Ice Sheet as well as the Canadian Ice Sheet disappeared completely. Sea levels rose several hundred meters. North Africa went from lush and fertile, with lakes and rivers, to barren desert land. A large number of animals went extinct in the process, especially those with habitats close to the vanishing ice sheets.

Most of the population of North Africa had to move due to drought, while people in places such as Doggerland and Sundaland were uprooted due to flooding. Under such terrible conditions, any civilization that might have existed at the time would have been greatly reduced or wiped out entirely. This would in turn have given rise to legends of great floods, paradise lost, and cities disappearing into the sea.

The fact that we have concrete evidence for a climate catastrophe lends credibility to the legends, including the possible existence of a lost ancient civilization, predating the Sumerians by several thousand years, spanning the world from Egypt to Peru. Such an empire would explain the curious similarity in ancient building techniques found in places like Crete and the Andes alike. The use of polygonal stones as building blocks in locations separated by enormous distances, as well as similarities in stone cuttings and various megalithic constructions, indicate communication across vast distances.

Position and extent of Atlantis and its empire, postulated by Ignatius L. Donnelly in 1882 

By Ignatius Donnelly; cropped by Beyond My Ken (talk) 22:14, 28 September 2010 (UTC) - This image is available from the United States Library of Congress's Prints and Photographs division under the digital ID cph.3b36915.This tag does not indicate the copyright status of the attached work. A normal copyright tag is still required. See Commons:Licensing for more information., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11626443

This all points to a relatively advanced civilization with trading routes across oceans, which in turn lends credibility to the legend of Atlantis. The location of this legendary city would most likely be in an area that is today submerged by water, but which was at the time a port at sea level. Areas of interest are therefore places along the shorelines that existed during the ice age. As we get more detailed maps of the seabeds around the world, the location of this legendary city may reveal itself. As archaeologists turn their attention to the seafloor, many settlements, towns and cities may be found. If so, the evidence of an ancient lost civilization would prove conclusive as such settlements would predate the Sumerians by thousands of years.

An Active Hurricane Season

This year's hurricane season looks like it may go down in history as one of the most active ones on record. This is by many seen as proof that global warming is both real and  dangerous. An uptick in extreme weather events is after all one of the predictions made by the human made global warming theory.

However, there is an alternative theory that makes the exact same prediction. It sees hurricanes as mainly electrical in nature, and therefore something that comes and goes in intensity according to the sunspot cycles. When the sun is active, with many sunspots, Earth is well shielded and there is little hurricane activity. But when there are few sunspots, Earth is exposed and there is an increase in hurricane activity.

Historical data supports the electric model. Almost all of the most severe hurricanes in recorded history have occurred during solar minimums. The fact that global temperatures are relatively low during such minimums has not dampened the severity of storms. Rather, the opposite appears to have been the case. Solar minimums are associated with cooler temperatures AND more severe weather.

Since we are currently moving into a solar minimum, there is no way of telling whether the uptick in hurricane activity is due to man-made global warming or low solar activity. However, we can say with certainty that such upticks have historically been associated with low sunspot numbers, and not higher temperatures. The assumption that higher temperatures will lead to more severe storms has no basis in historical facts.

Current prediction for Sunspot Cycle 24

By David Hathaway, NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center – http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=28557779

For more in depth information of the relationship between light, electricity and weather, I can highly recommend the lectures by Dr. Gerald Pollack. He makes a very compelling case for the electric nature of various weather phenomena.

Cyclones and Galaxies

Cyclones on Earth and spiral galaxies in space have several features in common. They both have spiraling arms coming out of a center that is hotter than their surroundings. The arms rotate almost as fast as the center, with rotating speeds falling off with distance from the center more slowly than is the case of vortexes and solar systems. The center of a cyclone pushes air up, and spiral galaxies are often seen to eject matter up and down perpendicular to their plane of rotation.

Plasma jet ejected by a galaxy

By NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) HubbleSite: gallery, release., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=102873

Conventional theory sees these similarities as purely coincidental. Cyclones are driven by difference in temperatures, while spiral galaxies are driven by gravity. Any electrical activity seen in cyclones in the form of lightning, and in galaxies in the form of plasma jets, are secondary to the primary drivers which are temperature and gravity.

However, the Electric Universe community sees this differently. Their interpretation is that cyclones and galaxies are primarily electric phenomena, with temperature and gravity playing secondary roles. The primary driver is in both cases charge imbalances, pulling light matter in towards a center from which it is subsequently ejected up and away. Cyclones pull air in towards their centers in the same way and for the same reason that galaxies pull plasma in towards their center. Heavier matter, such as clouds and rain, or stars and planets, are pulled along by the air or plasma currents while simultaneously thrown out to the sides by the centrifugal force. This produces the rope-like patters of the arms seen in both cyclones and spiral galaxies.

This model of spiral galaxies requires no dark matter or dark energy to explain the rotation speeds of these bodies. It only requires the existence of plasma currents in space. Seen in this perspective, cyclones and galaxies look alike because they are essentially the same thing. Galaxies are as it were cyclones in space.