Planets, Moons and Stars

We know from measuring the electric potential gradient of our atmosphere that our planet is negatively charged compared to the ionosphere. The potential difference is about 300,000 volt.

It is the potential difference between the ionosphere and the surface of our planet that keeps our atmosphere from escaping into space. The much weaker gravitational force would not be able to do this on its own.

However, since everything on the surface of our planet, including ourselves, is at electric equilibrium with earth, it is gravity, rather than the electric force, that pulls on us. It is also the gravitational force that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun, and the Moon in orbit around Earth.

The motion of planets and moons in our solar system are demonstrably due to a well defined force. This was first formalized by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1609.

However, since all planets, moons and stars are likely to have negatively charged surfaces, just like our own planet, there must be electrostatic repulsion between these objects.

It cannot be regular electrostatic attraction that keeps the solar system together. Something else must be going on.

Furthermore, for negative charge to stick to the surface of astronomic bodies, there must be a corresponding positive charge at their centre. There must therefore be electric pressure inside all planets, moons and stars.

Since we know that gravity is measured from the centre of astronomic bodies, and not from their surfaces, as is the case with the electrostatic force, there can be no net gravity at the centre of planets, moons and stars. However, there must be net outward electric pressure at the centre of such bodies.

If a cavity was to develop inside an astronomic body, there would be no way to make it disappear.

This was first recognized by Isaac Newton in his mathematical work on gravity. In his shell theorem he demonstrated that there is nothing to stop astronomic bodies from developing empty cavities. When the astronomer Edmond Halley suggested to Newton that our planet may be hollow, Newton did not object. There was nothing in Newton's theory to counter Edmond Halley's suggestion.

Now that we know that there must be electric pressure inside all astronomic bodies, there is even less reason to object to the notion that such bodies are hollow.

Seismic analysis by Jan Lamprecht and recent observations of Jupiter by NASA, collaborate further in support of the hollow planet theory.

Cross section of a hollow planet with neutrino over-pressure at its core.

If the electric pressure inside a planet is sufficiently strong, it may even expand.

As it happens, there is quite a lot of evidence to suggest that Earth is in fact expanding. If we cut away all the oceans on our planet, the continents of our planets would fit perfectly together into a smaller sphere.

Also, no ocean is older then 300 million years, while the continents are estimated to be 4,000 million years old. Oceans appear to be the rifts produced by the expansion of our planet.

The electrostatic force inside astronomic bodies is very strong. The same must be the case between astronomic bodies. Yet, the much weaker gravitational force manages to overcome this force at a distance. It even becomes dominant to the extent that the electrostatic repulsion between astronomic bodies is rarely considered in astronomy.

How is this possible?

The answer to this lies in the fact that electrostatic repulsion is measured between surfaces, while gravity is measured from the centre of objects.

From Coulomb's Law, we know that two similarly charged bodies will produce an enormous repelling force when in close proximity to each other. In fact, they cannot get into direct contact with each other without first harmonizing their charges.

It is therefore close to impossible to produce a collision between astronomic bodies. For such a collision to happen, enormous discharges must first occur.

Gravity on the other hand is measured from the centre of astronomic bodies.

This means that if there is enough gravity produced by a planet, gravity can become dominant at a distance. As we move away from the planet, the relative difference in distance between its centre and its surface becomes smaller. At large distances, the difference can be ignored, and we can simply add up the two forces to calculate an overall force.

For large bodies, gravity always ends up dominant at great distances, and we get the orbits that we are familiar with.

From earlier chapters, we know that electrical force is produced by collisions between neutrinos. When collisions are bouncy, neutrinos stay in the field, we get over-pressure and hence repulsion. If collisions are abrasive, neutrinos make a turn, they leave the field. The result is under-pressure and hence attraction.

In the case of equally charged surfaces, we have bouncy collisions of neutrinos in the field between them. There is over-pressure in the form of electrostatic repulsion.

However, neutrinos are extremely small. They have no trouble finding their way into the centre of astronomic bodies. Many neutrinos zip right through. But many others bounce off atomic nuclei and electrons inside such bodies. When neutrinos exit astronomic bodies, many of them carry information about their internals.

Neutrinos do not only carry information about the charge present at the surface of astronomic bodies. They carry information about the entire body. Neutrinos leave planets with a footprint of the last nucleus or electron that they hit.

At large distances, astronomic bodies appear as point sources with a net charge of zero. This means that we have much the same situation in the space between astronomic bodies that we have in molecules. There is a net charge of zero. But since positive hook covered neutrinos have a slight affinity for each other, there is a tiny overall attracting force keeping astronomic bodies in their orbits.

Planets held together by net neutrino under-pressure, also known as gravity.

Gravity is due to the imbalance in reactivity between hooks and hoops. This imbalance is also the reason we have molecular bindings between atoms, and why protons are so much bigger than electrons.

In the Velcro model, gravity is no mystery. It is merely one of many phenomena attributed to the fact that hooks have a slight affinity for each other.

The force of gravity is communicated by neutrinos. This means that it depends on the availability of neutrinos, just like the electric force.

Gravity is also dependent on the size of atomic nuclei (inertia). The bigger the nuclei, the more neutrinos are informed of their presence. The charge remains unchanged, but more neutrinos get involved in the communication. This increases the gravitational effect which relies on the number of neutrinos involve rather than the overall charge of the system.

Gravity is therefore a variable force, just like any other force or phenomenon dependent on the availability of neutrinos, zero-point photons, or inertia.

Specifically, the constant G in Newton's universal law of gravity is a variable, not a constant.

From this we can conclude that the orbits of planets around our sun, the orbits of moons around planets, and the gravitational condition on all planets, including Earth, may have been different in the past.