Morton Spears Was Right

Having distanced myself from my capacitor model of gravity in order to investigate fully the implications of Halton Arp's intrinsic red-shift, I now feel it's time to bring it back into the picture.

There is no conflict between the capacitor model and Halton Arp's observation that matter is condensed radiation.

In fact, if we combine Halton Arp's intrinsic red-shift with Morton Spears' Capacitor Theory of Gravity, we get a perfect fit. We can use charged quanta to explain both the mechanics of gravity and the fact that gravity is increasing over time.

As far as I can judge, Morton Spears' theory is pretty much spot on both on his view of gravity and his model of the atom. However, there are some minor problems.

When it comes to gravity, Morton Spears incorrectly ignores macro level capacitance, and he brushes off as insignificant the short range repelling force due to dipole on dipole interaction.

When it comes to the atom, he describes the electron incorrectly as a single negatively charged quantum. Electrons in his model must consist of two negative quanta and one positive quantum in order to explain the neutron. Morton Spears is also leaving out at least one neutral quantum from the electron, as well as a large number of neutral quanta from neutrons and protons.

However, none of these errors in Morton Spears' thinking can be considered fatal to his theory. They do not diminish the fact that he was pretty much spot on both on gravity and the atom.

Gravity is caused by charge in capacitors interacting with the dielectric of other capacitors. Since all matter is made up of positive and negative quanta, separated by neutral quanta acting as dielectric, all matter attract all other matter through stray electric fields.

The fact that all planets, stars and moons are fully charged capacitors means that there is a macro level addition to gravity beyond that provided by atoms alone. Macro level capacitance may not play a very big role. However, as explained in an essay I wrote in February this year, macro level capacitance cannot be ignored. Nor can we ignore the fact that there must be a short range repelling force due to the dipole nature of gravity.

This means that the charged quanta making up the total force of gravity of any given object is the sum total of all charged quanta of the objects involved, both those locked into atoms as matter and those locked into the macro level capacitor as static charge.

What needs to be added for this to add up with our earlier observation that gravity attracts energy, is that the dielectric of photons must be directly proportional to their energy, or else they will not be affected by gravity the same way matter is affected.

Since high energy photons can produce matter through electron-positron production, it is not unreasonable to assume that such photons have the same dielectric property as the electron-positron pairs that they can produce. From this it would follow that all photons have dielectric properties that are directly related to their energy level.

Assuming that this is true, then the dielectric property of photons and atomic quanta are all directly related to their energy levels, and everything adds up.

Dielectric photon made up of 3 negative and 3 positive charge quanta