Having finally found a straight forward explanation for the relationship between neutrinos and space, it's time to return to the photon.
Taking lessons from what I concluded about the neutrino, I see that my earlier attempts at explaining how time is influenced by the presence of photons has some rather glaring flaws in them.
First of all, any change in the density of photons in a region should have the same kind of undetectable effect that changes in neutrinos have. This is the essence of relativity. Local changes to the number of photons or neutrinos have no local effect. It is only when the local space is compared to another space that the difference can be observed.
Also, understanding energy is not the key to understanding time. Energy is related to size, and work is related to time, so the whole work and energy side of things are tied up to time and space. But that is not the best approach to understand time.
A source of confusion when it comes to photons and time is that photons are more plentiful in a repelling magnetic field than an attracting magnetic field. The temptation is therefore to conclude that things grow larger in a repelling magnetic field, just like they grow larger in a repelling electric field.
However, photons do not convey the electric force. Things do not grow larger when photons are added. Rather, the opposite must be happening.
Adding photons to a system comes at the expense of neutrinos. For every photon added to a space, a couple of neutrinos will have to leave. With no electric field to keep the neutrinos inside a repelling magnetic field, neutrinos get expelled. Things get smaller, and time speeds up, as seen from the outside.
Inside a repelling magnetic field, we have the exact same situation as inside an attracting electric field, and visa versa. Increase the number of photons in a region of space and things inside the region will shrink, making the ticks of the clocks more frequent. Decrease the number of photons in the same region, and things will swell up, making the ticks of the clocks less frequent.
In light of this, we can make the general assertion that space and time are related to the density of neutrinos and photons, in such a way that the speed of light remains a constant, no matter what changes are made to the density of these particles.
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