An inference is an insight arrived at by the use of data applied to a model. For the insight to be correct, both the data and the model have to be correct. In cases where there are more than one model, we can make more than one inference from a data set. Where there is no model, no inference can be made.
Jan Lamprecht demonstrated the above very well when he applied a hollow model of Earth to seismic data. What he found was that it was easier to interpret the data using the hollow model than a solid model of Earth, and many have from this concluded that Earth is more likely to be hollow than solid to the core.
This same principle applies to the data-set about Jupiter collected by the space probe Juno. The inferences made about Jupiter's internal composition is made based on standard gravity models. It is inferred that Jupiter has a large and diffuse core based on the assumption that gravity is a force in which mass attracts mass.
What is observed is an uneven distribution of gravitational pull. Gravity on Jupiter is not emanating from a smooth, high-density region close to the center of Jupiter. It is emanating from a much more diffuse region, higher up. The concentration of mass appears to be towards the surface of Jupiter.
Using the capacitor model of gravity in which charge is attracting mass we can likewise make a conclusion about Jupiter. The bulk of charge is located close to the surface. Matter, inside Jupiter will therefore be pulled away from the core.
Interestingly, we arrive at the same conclusion regardless of model applied. Jupiter has its highest density located close to the surface. Jupiter is a hollow planet.
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