This observation is extremely interesting in light of the hypothesis that mass is a function of charge. After all, charged particles are discrete quanta. If matter was to gain mass through the accumulation of charge, it would happen in jumps, precisely as described by Arp.
This observation becomes even more interesting when seen in relation to Morton Spears' work on gravity. In chapter 8 of his second book, Morton Spears proposes a simple model of the atom in which everything is made up of negative, positive and neutral quanta. These are the fundamental sub-atomic units.
From this, Spears goes on to suggest that the proton is made up of exactly 2177 such particles. 1089 of these are positive while 1088 of them are negative. That gives the massive proton a net charge of exactly 1.
The neutron is made up of 2180 particles. It is 3 particles more massive than the proton, but electrically neutral because it is made up of an identical number of positive and negative particles.
Now, suppose that there are other stable combinations of particles that can form protons and neutrons. Suppose that protons and neutrons can be formed using fewer particles, and that these will be stable in plasma rich environments. The more dense the plasma, the lighter the protons and neutrons are allowed to be.
This would explain Halton Arp's observations. However, unlike what Arp is suggesting, the jump in red-shift is not due to the electron becoming heavier. It is due to the proton and neutron becoming heavier. The electron never changes. It is the proton and neutron that keeps jumping to larger and therefore more massive configurations.
By The original uploader was Reuben at English Wikipedia. - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Sreejithk2000 using CommonsHelper., CC BY 2.5, Link
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