Mass as Aether Interaction

Mass is a central concept in physics. Yet, when people go looking for it by smashing matter into bits, they find nothing but neutral or charged fragments.

It's almost as if mass is hiding somewhere. But where could that be?

Conventional physics

In conventional physics, space is but an empty void. So, the only place to look for mass is inside matter. But decades of looking has revealed nothing.

Some may say that the Higgs Boson is where mass is hiding. But the evidence for this is far from conclusive. So, mass is conventionally thought of as something fundamental to matter. Wherever there is matter, there is mass.

No further explanation is given.

Aether physics

However, in aether physics, space is not an empty void.

Space has many properties. Among other things, it interacts constantly with matter. So, space is taken into consideration in all matters related to kinetics.

From objective analysis we find that there are three distinct types of acceleration. All of them adhering to Newton's formulas, where mass is fundamental.

These accelerations are:

• Linear due to directly applied force
• Angular due to tethering
• Linear due to applied field forces

As we will see, all of these accelerations involve the aether in different ways. Yet, there's a common denominator that makes them identical for purposes of calculations, and this common denominator is what we refer to as mass.

But there is no mass as a thing of its own in the real world. In aether physics, mass is but an abstraction derived from the fact that aether interacts with matter.

To see how this works, we need to look closer at how matter interacts with the aether.

Linear acceleration due to directly applied force

Of the three accelerations mentioned above, acceleration due to directly applied force is the only one that adds energy to matter.

Angular acceleration and acceleration due to field forces don't add energy.

This is because only direct force requires particles at the subatomic to change in size, and hence energy, in order to accelerate. So, adding energy is a necessary part of this type of acceleration.

This is done by the help of the aether, which is limited by the speed of light in order to perform this task. So, we get a time delay between applied force and increase in energy.

This time delay is experienced by us as a resistance to change. Also known as inertia.

So, when we make calculations related to inertial mass, we are in fact dealing with the time delay caused by the aether's inability to act instantaneously.

Angular acceleration

When a moving object is tethered to a central point, either by a string, or by the use of a field force, it undergoes acceleration. But no energy is added or subtracted to the object.

Yet, there's a measurable force involved, and it equates to what we would have to apply in order to achieve linear acceleration of the same magnitude.

So, there's something fundamental going on that connects linear acceleration directly to angular acceleration.

This too must be due to the aether's inability to act instantaneously. But with no energy being added, the mechanism involved must be different.

We cannot use the analogy of a pressure wave in the aether.

But we can nevertheless explain this in terms of matter interacting with the aether. Because all moving particles come with an accompanying pilot wave.

In the case of angular acceleration, there is no pressure wave. But there is a pilot wave, and it too is limited by the speed of light.

The constant need to change the direction of pilot waves, and influence associated particles accordingly, produces the exact same delay as pressure waves.

We can therefore use the concept of inertial mass to make calculations related to both linear and angular acceleration.

Linear acceleration due to applied field forces

In aether physics, the three field forces, magnetism, the electric force, and gravity, have one common denominator. They all operate through manipulation of the aether.

Repelling forces come about when aether particles are drawn into the field between acting bodies, and attracting forces come about when aether particles are expelled.

But this produces no pressure wave. Nor is there any pilot wave involved. Because space itself is manipulated.

So, when an object moves freely under the influence of a field force it does so with its reference frame moving with it. As far as the object is concerned, it remains in a state of rest during its entire flight. It isn't before the object stops moving at the end of its journey that energy is released.

This makes acceleration due to field forces distinctly different from acceleration due to directly applied force, or angular acceleration.

But, we end up with the appearance of inertia nevertheless. Because field forces result in accelerations that are directly proportional to the volume of subatomic particles involved.

This volume is independent of how densely packed the particles are. So, there's a direct relationship between acceleration due to applied field forces and other types of acceleration. Because they too are directly related to the number of particles involved.

Conclusion

Mass isn't something inherent to matter alone. There's no mass inside particles. Rather, mass is an artifact of the aether interacting with matter.

However, as long as scientists deny the existence of an aether, people will keep looking into matter in search of some elusive mass particle that simply isn't there.

By Force.png: Penubagderivative work: Arnaud Ramey (talk) - Force.png and File:Compound_pulley.svg, Public Domain, Link

Field Forces and the Aether

In aether physics, the three field forces; magnetism, the electric force and gravity; all operate through manipulation of the aether.

Zero-point particles are pumped into or out of the field between active objects, which causes these objects to move.

Particles as bundles of strings

But inertial matter is largely transparent to aether particles. The only thing opaque about electrons and protons is the strings from which they are made.

So, when the aether acts on particles of inertial matter, it is only interacting with strings. Because every other characteristic of matter is invisible to it.

The surface area, shape, density, chemistry, or any other higher level property of matter is of no importance.

As far as acceleration goes, the only thing that matters to field forces is the total volume of strings involved. 

Field force acceleration

This means that field forces act on volumes of strings rather than surface areas, or other characteristics of particles.

So, the acceleration produced by a field force is proportional to the volume of aether flux, divided by the total volume of strings involved:

• a ∝ af/sv, where 'a' is field force acceleration, 'af' is aether flux, and 'sv' is string volume.

This can be tested against what we know about field forces to see if it holds up against scrutiny.

Tests

In the case of magnetism, we know that a magnet of a certain strength will accelerate at a corresponding rate, dependent only on how massive it is. The more massive the magnet, the more sluggish its acceleration relative to a less massive magnet of the same strength.

This fits well with our formula, because the more massive magnet has more particles in it, and therefore a larger volume of strings.

The same goes for the electric force. It too accelerates objects depending on aether flux and string volume.

As for gravity, there are no inactive particles involved. Because any addition of strings, in the form of inertial matter, result in a corresponding change in aether flux. So, acceleration due to Earth's gravity is the same for all objects, regardless of shape and density.

Inertia is not part of the equation

Note that there is no mention of inertia in all of this.

This is important because inertia is defined by us as a time delay related to energy transfers.

But for free falling objects under the influence of gravity, magnetism or the electric force, there's no energy transfer. So, inertia, as it is defined by us, cannot be part of our equation.

Mass is not part of the equation either

Similarly for mass, which we view as a mere abstraction, we make no mention of it.

So, once again, we've been able to describe phenomena related to matter and acceleration with no mention of mass.

Conclusion

The three field forces; magnetism, the electric force and gravity; can be explained without any mention of mass.

This goes hand in hand with our definitions of inertia and matter, which are also without any mention of mass.

We remain therefore confident that mass is but an abstraction, useful in calculations, but with no direct existence in the real world.

By Frank Eugene Austin - image had initials 'F.E.A.' in lower left corner. - Downloaded August 25, 2008 from Frank Eugene Austen (1916) Examples in Magnetism, 2nd Ed., Hanover, N.H., USA, p.31, plate 2 on Google Books, Public Domain, Link

A Theory of Matter that does not Include the Concept of Mass

The concepts of inertial and gravitational mass are central to conventional thinking related to matter. Especially the principle of equivalence, which states that the two types of mass are the same.

However, our alternative theory of matter doesn't include mass as anything but an abstraction. Instead, of mass, we have particles with positive and negative charge. Yet, our theory yields identical results to conventional ones.

To see why this is so, we need to compare conventional theory to our alternative.

Inertia

Inertia is conventionally defined as resistance to changes in velocity. No further explanation is given.

However, in our alternative theory, we have an explanation.

Inertia is due to the fact that it takes time to transfer energy from one object to another. So, we end up with a mismatch between the pressure we apply and any consequent change in motion. The delay comes across as resistance.

Energy

Energy is another property that's poorly defined in conventional theory. It's simply a property related to matter and particles like photons.

However, in our alternative theory, energy is defined as surface area at the subatomic. Energetic particles are larger than less energetic particles of the same kind. So, when energy is added to an object, the total surface area of its subatomic particles increases.

With more surface area to cover in order to transfer energy, the time required to do so goes up, and hence we get an increase in inertia.

Gravity

Gravity is conventionally thought of as a force proportional to the masses involved. So, when inertia increases due to more matter, gravity increases to the exact same degree. The acceleration due to gravity is therefore identical for all objects, no matter their size or shape.

However, this too lacks any good explanation.

But in our alternative theory, gravity is due to an imbalance in the electric force. Repulsion between equally charged particles is a tiny bit less strong than attraction between opposite charged particles.

For massive objects, this minuscule imbalance adds up to a measurable force that's always attracting, and it is this force that we call gravity.

This force is proportional to the number of charged particles involved at the subatomic. So, we end up with the same conclusion as the one derived from conventional thinking. The more matter we have, the more gravity we get.

Proportionalities

So, in our theory, we have inertia as something proportional to energy.

Adding energy to an object results in more inertia.

However, gravity is unaffected by energy. Because it's related only to the total number of charged particles involved. The number of charged particles we have at the subatomic remains the same regardless of how much energy we have.

So, when energy is added to an object, inertia increases while gravity remains the same.

Inertia and free falling objects

From this, it appears that we must conclude that energetic objects fall at a slower rate than less energetic objects of the same kind. Because the energetic objects have more inertia, so it's harder for gravity to pull on them.

However, this ignores the fact that no energy is transferred to or from objects in free fall. Inertia, as it is defined in our theory, has nothing to do with free falling objects. It's only when these objects hit the ground that energy is transferred to other objects.

So, gravity is an acceleration more than it is a force. Hence, the principle of equivalence, proposed by Einstein.

The aether

Einstein concluded in his work that space-time must be curved, and that this curvature is proportional to the masses involved.

This is equivalent to our alternative proposal, which involves an aether.

The idea is that gravity is due to aether escaping from in between gravitational objects. This produces a low pressure of sorts that draws objects together.

But this low pressure is not produced by the elusive entity that we call mass. It depends instead on the number of charged particles involved at the subatomic.

With no change in charge when energy is added to matter, the acceleration due to the aether remains unchanged.

So, here again, we see that our model produces results identical to what we get with models based on mass.

Conclusion

There's no need to conjure up an elusive concept called mass in order to explain inertia and gravity. Because a theory centered around charges and the size of particles at the subatomic gives the exact same results.

Scale for measuring weight

By M.Minderhoud - White Background by Amada44, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link